At a time when most energy investments have been curtailed by a weak economy, U.S. utility photovoltaic activity has spiked over the last 18 months, according to a new study from Emerging Energy Research (EER).
With only 77 MW of utility-driven PV projects currently operating, U.S. utilities have announced a pipeline of more than 4.8 GW of utility-scale photovoltaic projects. This explosion of activity highlights the PV sector's changing landscape and the key role utilities are expected to play going forward, EER says.
The scaling adoption and newfound acceptance of PV technology by utilities has been catalyzed by four primary factors: regulatory pressures at the state and national levels; widespread cost reductions in the PV sector; fossil fuel price volatility and overarching carbon concerns; and PV's siting flexibility, allowing utilities to leverage multi-pronged strategies.
EER has forecasted that utilities will add 21.5 GW of solar PV to their generation portfolios between 2009 and 2020. Led by utility involvement, the U.S. PV market will accelerate between 2011 and 2015, growing from 2 GW in 2011 to 12 GW in 2015 – a more than 460% increase.
‘At this early stage of PV adoption in the US, utilities are under significant regulatory and planning pressure to address their solar procurement strategies going forward,’ says EER Solar Research Director Reese Tisdale. ‘Unlike other larger, centralized power generation technologies such as natural gas, wind, concentrated solar power, and geothermal, PV offers scale and unique siting versatility. These key differentiators allow PV to be deployed in a wide range of geographies.’
Furthermore, PV's versatility potentially circumvents transmission build-out bottlenecks that pose significant hurdles in the path of centralized renewables deployment, according to Tisdale.
In the immediate term, the primary driver for PV utility deployment is state-level renewable portfolio standards (RPS). Of the top 20 states in which utilities have signed PV agreements, 18 have an RPS in place, and 13 have a distributed generation or solar carve-out.
Already facing a shortfall to meet the state's 20% renewables by 2010 target and its recently formalized 33% by 2020 target, California utilities have begun adding PV to their pipelines at scale: Pacific Gas and Electric Co., Southern California Edison, Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, and San Diego Gas & Electric account for approximately 75% of the U.S. solar PV pipeline.
Despite the lack of a distributed generation or solar carve-out target, California utilities have announced a 2.3 GW PV pipeline, or 48% of announced utility projects, according to EER.
In the wake of California activity, a wave of utilities in Florida, North Carolina, Illinois, Ohio, and New Jersey are following suit. The largest plant in the U.S., which totals 25 MW, was commissioned in Florida in November by Florida Power & Light, with another 10 MW expected to go online in 2010.
SOURCE: Emerging Energy Research
